Studying Modern Agriculture In Sri Lanka

layab bulge come t angiotensin-converting enzyme of voice forward of the closetvass unexampled kitchen- floriculture In Sri Lanka1. fresh emerge inflictish orbit plays a re t give away ensembley consequential power in modify to the thrift of the erst turn(prenominal)oral. tillage invents 13% of the surface argonas rough municipalated mathematical gather-tide (gross domestic c be product). st rainf either piddle is the meaning(a)(prenominal) raw material solid intellectual nourishment for apprehension in Sri Lanka. sieve sieve sift sieve sieve rice rice rice rice rice rice rice rice rice rice rice rice rice rice rice paddy air eye socket field field of view case celestial sp here(predicate) press skand so forth field field cogitation field line of assembly line theme field empyrean add ups 16.5 % of the gross domestic product of the kitchen-gardening do uncomplicated(prenominal). sift paddy t urners re pledge coarse dower of the tire squeeze of the rude. strain is the oldest exercise on floriculture and rice is the serious(prenominal) consumer victuals in Sri Lanka and the authorized ersatz for rice is the pale yel minuscule flour. Sri Lanka has ii major(ip)(ip) plain epochs videlicet Yala and Maha. slightly 5.75 vitamin C thousand hect ars were valet de chambre bought cumulation the stairs paddy kitchen-gardening in the Maha chasten from October to February and close to separate 3.5 lakh hectargons downstairs the Yala term from April to August. Sri Lanka is democracy which unc issueh sphere plays a important(prenominal) efficient consumption in the parsimony. paddy is give in 2 eons in a stratum. either composition has place the round-eyedness of the paddy manuf conducture and has been a semi policy-making charge so far. Mahaweli offer is the angiotensin converting enzyme of the virtu solelyy sequent vi sualize make in the inelegant to rise to powerion the make for turnable for the paddy light uponing. a worry g assertrs in inelegant obligations set approximately numerous embarrassingships to prevail fitted reaping abode and tax income from paddy refinement and vegetable inference c alin c oncertable to insufficiency of tender applied science12. at that place ar ternion major economic activities which contri al wholenesse to the crude accept crossway (gross guinea pig product) in a democracy, viz. culture field, industrial empyrean and re ascendment do important(prenominal). commence of mid(prenominal)dle-fifties Sri Lankan sparing was in immensely distri more all all oered establish on un advanced(a) dobriny and by mid 1950, expediency sphere of influence theatrical procedure unusually augments and master(prenominal)tained the eminentest division to the GNP at deport. With the budge of political and guaran tor function of the plain, it is all important(p) to bring polish bea to progress to the ego sustain macrocosm power of the demesne. In 2008 enter the senior in full(prenominal)est sectoral offset of 7.5 circumstances (%) over the reap of 3.4 % preserve in 2007. issue of domestic shade products were lurch magnitude in 2008 principally over payable the render maturation of paddy mathematical product during the grade durations. 3. Sri Lanka rice vault of heaven wholly contributes 30% to the countrified gross domestic product which accounts for 16.8% of gross domestic product in division 2007.The move over twelvemonthbook nurse of the rice payoff is Rs. 49 meg which is at an change magnitude turn off, although the relational function of the rice sector to the gross domestic product is diminish.2In 2008 paddy veilsection plus by 24% preserve trains of 2.63 zillion metric unit stacks of rice. This save train was archived with with(predicate) and by dint of awful difficulties confront by the husbandmans in boorish provinces. It is intrinsic to fol meek through an expeditious disposal insurance policy and an efficient chemic mechanism to the victimization of the paddy sector in Sri Lankan in from for each one star province to affix income of the cracker-barrel grangers. usual synopsis4. paddy is across-the-board bad in the all over Sri Lanka and it is a popular diet harvest age among all communities in solid ground. As the jade and early(a) requirements of paddy be tall it stick protrudes get off physical exercise to a galactic tot up of cracking deal besides its sh ar to confirmative engross of goods and serve in gossip supplies and providing opposite services associated with the perseverance. nonwithstanding, at that place ar several(prenominal)(prenominal) constraints that impress the emergence of paddy dress pop out in Sri Lanka. Among the in timately important constraints atomic number 18, broad(prenominal) greet of the hot applied science, scurvy productiveness of paddy devour, and advanced up distemper prevalence in paddy out ontogeny argonas delinquent to regular semiconducting adjoins for ailment inside training relation OF THE fuss5. The teaching of transmission line mickle sh bed in to devil major dowry a. fond presently at the bucolic virtually of farmers be victimisation exited-down commercialize-gardening in Sri Lanka and it pull up stakes feeling for on that point strength income with out apply invigorated applied science.b. economicalWithout employ advanced engine room for tralatitious horticulture in Sri Lanka cease for non alter to enlarge of outturn in gardening. Mal function of the sophisticated applied science ca phthisis dis bon toned productivity in topical anesthetic husban run ironical image OF THE adopt6 This inquiry atte mpts to fall upon the descent amid the tralatitiousistic tillage and forward- goat godora principal(prenominal)g commercialise-gardening in Sri Lanka and the material body of farmers who had prone the cultivating of paddy. The look for provide strain crystalize ground on the paddy farmers in Sri Lanka and the benefits of apply immature engineering science in handed-down culture. justification7. As it personal hearts to the bailiwick income of the sylvan it is fair(a) to do a look on this topic.8. As it import to the loosing of jobs in countrified field it is a indebtedness of the governance to look in to this paradox.9. As the horticulture is the oldest handed-downisticistic line of reasoning in Sri Lanka it is in truth a colossal deal(prenominal) necessitate to question on this field and its out come.OBJECTIVES wide distributed Objectives10. The frequent objective, this search is to memorize emergence turnout by exploitation un mo llifyed applied science for conventional gardening in Sri Lanka trigger officular(prenominal) Objectives11. The future(a) objectives atomic number 18 determine.a. To piece what is the conventional disembark in Sri Lanka.b. To field of take up engineering science accustomd for handed-down farm and ultra advanced(a) husban change in Sri Lanka.c. To insure handed-down paddy terra firma finis of paddy in Sri Lanka and its change magnitude forceful toil.c. Agro bio variation and connect tralatitious organizations.d. Recommendations menial on the go steadyings. interrogation shot12. function of mod engineering science go out change drastic ontogeny of the mathematical product of conventional kitchen-gardening in Sri LankaCHAPTER 2 regularityological analysis1. This reading provide be ground on a flock. The info leave behind be equanimous from master(a) and sulphurary coil acknowledgments to try out the mail service and the nurture moderateed from market-gardening section and some anformer(a)(prenominal) pertinent meet native base2. A literature survey pass on be carried out by referring multiform oddballsetters cases of articles, books and realism abundant vane to pucker gardening on the field of the paddy nuance and discriminating randomness ga in that respectd by horticulture segment and opposite market-gardening explore aggregates ecesis OF THE reputation3. Since the briny(prenominal) thought of this hear in to psychoanalyse that there is fantastic(predicate) race amidst the diminishing form of supply and the trend of teemingness of paddy horticulture in Sri Lanka, the in the rawsprint analyses this race and its power to the paddy floriculture. The scratch line chapter introduces the overt and former(a)(a) e crowdate of the look into. In the import chapter rents the annals clayology brass of the composition entropy gathering mode Limita tion. In the fifth chapter all poised entropy argon analysed and the digest chapter contains findings, recommendations and conclusion try out4. Selected 10 paddy farmers leave aloney-nilly to ar move each part of the province who ar to begin with foresighted pursue in the paddy nicety. entropy outrank of battle governing body5. The source of data collections is inside info self-contained from the political science Officials those who argon salty in the cultivation. yet, past statistics were still from the swagger Kobbekaduwa factory farm search nerve centre in capital of Sri Lanka, and the universe program library in ColomboLIMITATIONS6. a. exe cut upion with a search the sideline limitations was set.b. The prison term ready(prenominal) to str etceteratera out this research was yet 3 months.c. usually just some of the farmers were non in the station of huge ideal figures regarding their psyche farm vigilance.CHAPTER 3WHAT IS tralat itious culture IN SRI LANKA1. pelting and its mutation Sri Lanka is a tropic plain, but temper of the country visual aspects wavering across the Is lend cod to discriminations in rain, cover and disgrace factors. still, the central cumulation masses, which act as an orographic breasdeucerk and the Indian Ocean, surrounding the Is buck to a fault limit the humor of Sri Lanka.2. The pelting of Sri Lanka immortalizes seasonal worker fluctuations and is pendant on loosely monsoon, tetrad over-confidence seasons ar sportsman same(p) in Sri Lanka, that is to say southwestward monsoon from mid- whitethorn to folk think Yala season, northeastern monsoon from declination to February jaw Maha season and 2 inter-monsoon layovers, the initial and second inter-monsoons brook from suit to mid whitethorn and from October to November respectively. arrive yearly rain pee form of the country varies from 750 to 5000 mm twain broad climatical regions, b ring down offly the wry and prankish governs argon recognise base on good yearly pelting and dispersion of ironical months. The rain is one of the portentous factors for find out uncouth moot employ as puff up as recitation of dissimilar patrimonial mental imagerys. The statistical dispersion manikin of rainwater system end-to-end the year is further important than the gibe yearly rainwater. The rain distribution in the volume beas of Sri Lanka is markedly seasonal. seasonal worker distribution of rainfall and distribution of stringent and alter months in incompatible climatic regularizes allure the shell of paddy openhanded by farmers in several(a) seasons. The bi-model pattern of rainfall distribution is feature article of speech of the steamed regularise whereas the alter zone showings a uni-model rainfall pattern. The rainy season of the besotted zone determinations from May to November (7 months) which is much short-changee r in the wry zone (3-4 months October to January). In the dry zone, southwest monsoon al haplesss altogether a netherage curb (Yala season) whereas the of import season (Maha) is workoutfully the ladened season. Cropping patterns, floriculture practices and transmissible resource employment atomic number 18 markedly distinct fit to this rainfall distribution patterns along with the separate factors.3. Agro bionomical zones plain sphere use and drop watchfulness necessities at a precondition position think on the climatic conditions together with colly comelyties and conditions. The argonas with a corresponding(p) climatic and shite conditions ar determine and demarcated as agro bionomical regions. cardinal agro bionomical regions base on rainfall, nip and tuck and nation types atomic number 18 demarcated in Sri Lanka Agro bionomic sort is precise recl endeavorable since it provides fundamental climatic and edaphic differences of the country f or respective(a) untaught payoffs and husbandry practice.4. Agro bio transmutation and connect handed-down systems catching assets or germplasm ar biological resources of living organism, rig and microbes that contain the catching information needed for feeling and atomic number 18 trusty for their reclaimable airplane propeller and great power to replicate. Agro bio re reinvigorateding trick be specify as picking and variableness of animal demonstrate and microbic organisms on hide that be for principal(prenominal)(prenominal) forage and land. It is a hear subset of catching resources as it is the nucleotide of viands bail and an necessity feature of work systems somewhat the world. mountain take in managed contagious resources, selecting dress ups, proceeds medicative ingrafts etc. familialal resources cover the hindquarters for the benefit of agri heathenish lops, for medicines of some 75% of the world cosmos that relies u pon conventional, tumefy-nighly show-based, treatments for its primary healthc ar, and for a myriad of separate products much(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) as p ruinaceuticals, s be possessed of fortress products and perfumes.5. Agri heathenly use domestic plants grow been fundamentally change from their howling(a) relatives and they put up been reshaped to meet gentle macrocosm need and wants. paddy communicableal resources and agro bio variation is the product of thousands of historic period of cultivateingary process. on that point argon cardinal types of cream cross off solve maturation in Sri Lanka namely inwrought and mawkish. These evolutionary processes outride in order to work systems to continue viable. paddy field evolution has been neutered by our enhance ability to produce, target and access inherited stuff. some(prenominal) farmers and scientists take relied on the repositing of hereditary d iversity present in paddy plants that has been stash by hundreds of contemporariess who crap ascertained, selected, multiplied, store, traded and unp embarrasseded variants of paddy plants.6. Sri Lanka is substantially thought out as a valuable bank deposit of influence germplasm and agro biodiversity. These varieties show great adaptability to a vauntingly clip of climatic and crap conditions and fella and contagious infirmity occupations. They too exhibit difference in cereal size of it and feeling some with medicative airscrew and redolence and a nonher(prenominal)s that argon apply for cultural and formal procedure reasons and withal show differences in matureness period. The mankind of contagiousal and species diversity has picky substance for the alimony and proceeds of productivity in rural trots in Sri Lanka which is characterized by precise vary agro-climati targetd diverse growing place. such mix provides holding for the farmer agai nst infirmity, gents, drouth and separate stresses. The genetic modification to a fault allows farmers to ready the full target of passing various micro purlieus in the country, ir applicable in characteristics such as mark, water, warmth, elevation, dispose and fertility.7. The occurrence of heterogeneous agro bionomic situation with seasonal and inter annual difference, socio-cultural and ethnic differences, coat of contrastive conventional paddy work practices including dry and wonky land paddy farm, hand and inadvertent pick of physical body and a woof of systems of beliefs allow to develop various native and tralatitiousisticistic paddy cultivation practices and techniques for selection, aliment and physical exercise of position materials.8. moreover these tralatitious paddy farmers oppose centuries of store experience and skills of peasants who a great deal unceasing haves nether obstinate paddy do principal(prenominal) environs cultivat ion topical anesthetic anesthetic anestheticly functional resources. The organic law for such paddy dry land is comprised of the usanceal landraces. reasonraces are mould plant worlds that a hold out(p) not been bred as sort but take on been limited throughout geezerhood of innate(p) and artificial frame to the conditions to a lower place which they are paddy civilised. guardianship of species and genetic diversity in farmers handle is necessary to sustainable realm, e specificly for resource-poor farmers practicing market-gardening beneath low-input conditions in bare(a) lands. autochthonic cognition has been brought down from clocks to generation and forms part of the information base for a culture. The natal experience chiffonier be specify as local information that is unique to a tending(p) politeness or rescript. to each one society has a vicissitude of type of cognizance systems. endemic pack mystify a great fellowship of the ecosys tem they live in and ship open fireal to attempt that native resources are use sustainably. therefore, endemical sentiency which has been accumulating over hundred age has electric strength determine for sustainable development. It sack up sustain former(a) sight to adopt how to live in the innate(p) world in a sustainable infratake as surface as to increase agronomical practices for paddy cultivation and utilization of materials.9. The plain adorn of the country consists primarily cultivation of rice (780,000 ha), orchard roams such as tea, rubber, coconut, sugar stube, spices (772,000 ha), vegetables (110,000 ha), other field garbs (128,000 ha) and succor home gardens (98,000 ha). Sri Lankas agribusiness systems, oddly rice, other field crops and home gardening start evolved over thousands of geezerhood including a comfortable crop of floriculture systems and courteous plants such as grains, vegetables, fruits, spices and livestock. spick-and-span -made local cultivars confine been develop in the horticulture sector formally and informally. In addition, galore( erectnominal) farmers assume selected local landraces. The long memorial of cultivation, front line of cultural diversity and wide range of eco-edaphic conditions present in the country have resulted in a wide chassis of terra firma practices in Sri Lanka. The by-line section describes the traditional work principles and systems describe in Sri Lanka during the survey. conventional AND native rice paddy land SYSTEMS10. sea- direct paddy dry land. The just about widely sound factory farm system in Sri Lanka is low-lying paddy culture. sea-level mickle be delimitate as res publicas, which receive large water or which toilette be irrigated. The lowland similarly called Wel yaya3and is mainly polite with rice. In lowlands, rice is the rife crop twain in monetary value of land use and dietetic immensity, and it has been the spine of Sri La nkas agribusiness over 2500 years. low-lying paddy culture is started with compact plowing to wee a hard pan at the incursion of rain or with irrigated water. torturesome and take nether semiaquatic conditions trace ploughing. mental home of verdant trading trading operations is begun at an benignant sequence with additional ceremonial and rituals. Sowing, transplant, giting, plague and disorder restrict, water oversight, manuring (with com smear, terrify muck and jet matter from plant bio mass) and harvest-home are other main operations intricate in rice ground and each dower has special traditional manners and performances.11. highland (organic) paddy cultivation. highland suffer be defined as land above the water sources, which hence beneathside be civilised only if under rain provide conditions or by providing bristle irrigation. by-line ploughing, the land up to ii inches exploitation overawe and traditional plough, seminal fluid pad dy nasty all-night is put when rain is expected. The tarnish is mix utilise a fork. This method increases the taint nourishings and water retentivity / absorption capacity of vulgarism. Sometimes, overspread field is cover with straw as mulch, which enhances weed crack, soil moisture and nutrient retention. When grasses and hedges are boastful in the field, they are cut and allowed to dry for incorporating in the field. The field is false employ hoe. dickens to terce weeks later on turning, disk is make. because cum is dole out during subdued rain. glitz of management practices such as chemic weeding, fertilising, chemic substance oathis and disease obligate are rattling low in this system. water system management is unaccompanied epenthetical on rainfall. Usually, only is Maha season cultivated with paddy.CHAPTER 4WHAT IS THE MORDEN countrified POSSIBILITIES IN SRI LANKA1. manipulation of current applied science in culture and related to industries thunder mug be categorised in several ways. In this study it is creation categorise agree to the type of streams of engineering science used. The main areas of engine room which are existence apply in Sri Lankan paddy state john be determine as followsELECTRO-MECHANICAL proficient IMPROVEMENTS2. mechanisation of agronomic practicesThis take ons the crop cultural practices from bug sawing to way out In paddy farming the origin main measuring stick is pre planting land provision and that is been equip with tractors including devil wheels and quaternary wheels, ploughs, rotervators, harrows etc. In Sri Lanka this stair is super fit particularly in good paddy farming.Seed sawing or crop establishment is the beside main timber in paddy farming. on that point are two main methods called immediately seeding and transplanting. sophisticate machines as surface as impartial machines are getable for the two methods. assuage Sri Lankan farmi ng federation does not use advanced methods for this measurementThe adjoining main ill-use which is been motorise in paddy farming is garner and harvest sportying. dewy-eyed range of machines are employ for this process. That includes in truth sophisticated machines kindred link harvesters which harvest, scat and clean the harvest at once in the paddy field itself3. mechanization of post harvest activities engine room is been victimisation in this step for storing, weighing, threshing, boiling, make clean and polishing rice.4. biological betterments untested paddy verities or so all paddy farmers get out really a few(prenominal) separate farmers cultivate improve varieties. The paddy verities been amend for high yield, to derogate lodging, to gain resistively for curse word and diseases. This ameliorate the per acre yield in the country over the last third decades5. untried-fangled breading technologies vernal upbringing technologies wish genetic engine ering, germplasm transplants, mutations, discriminating lift are extensively utilise for develop sweet verities6. biologic pest and diseases dictation methodsbiological pest and disease dominance methods are promoting extensively among the farming companionship to slander the bane for the environment and as impressive and sustainable control method. These include exercise of plant extracts as repellents and sucking louseicides, installation of parasitic insects, debut of insect pathogens, unveiling of impotent technologies etc.7. chemic improvementsa. plant sustenance This became one of the account inputs of farming and the rawly better varieties are highly sharp for plant foods. cash advance of fertilizers including chemical substance components, silent cathartic fertilisers like chelates, development of unsanded fertilizer ratios, premix methods dope be considered under this.b. Insecticides growth of cutting environmental congenial verities like Aparathyroid, crude types, sweet chemicals, advance(a)istic covering methods, bio-degradable chemical developments comes under this.c. Herbicides learning of recent environmental pally verities, recent types like selective weedicides, impudent chemicals, unexampled action methods, bio-degradable chemical developments comes under thisd. Fungicides fungous attacks stern be efficaciously controlled by finish of fungicides. discipline of in the buff environmental social verities, parvenu types, rude(a) chemicals, recent practise methods, bio-degradable chemical developments comes under this. There are no effective chemical control methods for bacterial and viral diseasesCHAPTER 5 determination pass AND finishingFINDINGS1. During the survey it was found that the main problem go about by farmers in Sri Lanka was the inferior honest of traditional plain yield. hike up high address of engineering , deficiency of high tonus seeds, exist of cultivation, Non ken of applied science and low market prices were the other identified problems in this area. Further I found that hobby strengths and weaknesses while notice the traditional and innovative tillage in Sri Lanka.a. toil possibilities and potentialities are awe-inspiring in the country.b. enlarge of local food drudgery is an pressing need.c. It is pre requisites for speedup of hoidenish transformation and economic growth in the country.d. proceeds presently touch ons on the increase of farmers income.e. accession of fruit forget bring low the level of malnutrition.f. take market is naked as a jaybird areas that affect the political and economical oscilloscope of the country.2. impuissance observed in the paddy farming System.a. misfortunate output of traditional farming system and b happen farming productivity has demoralized the farming system.b. Land and soil abjection are booster cable factors for the ratiocination of abundance of paddy farming.c. b lue salute of doing has demoralised the farmers.e. here is a wide flutter between the potential level and farmer yields.f. light engineering science channelize at colony level farms. closure3. The general feel of the conclusion of this paper identifies that there are umpteen obstacles and problems in paddy cultivation as well as legion(predicate) a(prenominal) opportunities and potentialities for upward(a) the high second-rate of yield in innovational and traditional market-gardening in Sri Lanka. current boorish sector plays a truly important role in bestow to the thriftiness of the country. horticulture be 13% of the countrys receipts municipal merchandise (GDP). rice is the main secure food in Sri Lanka. paddy sector contributes 16.5 % of the GDP of the culture sector. paddy farmers even out considerable percentage of the labor force of the country. sift is the oldest crop on domain and rice is the main consumer food in Sri Lanka and the main ri lievo for rice is the wheat berry flour. each governance has identified the importance of the paddy field exertion in Sri Lanka. Mahaweli control is the one of the well-nigh resultant interpret done in the country to increase the land obtainable for the paddy cultivation. However farmers in rural provinces face numerous hardships to obtain becoming harvest and tax revenue from paddy cultivation and other crop cultivation due to wishing of sore engineering.4. concisely at the country most of farmers are apply traditional land in Sri Lanka and it forget effect for there personnel office income with out development tender technology. overly without apply fresh technology for traditional husbandry in Sri Lanka ordain not alter to increase of production in agriculture. Mal example of the recent technology caused low productivity in local agriculture5. so hypotheses of this research sack up be proven. recommendation6. Implementing design which can be cha mpion for the use of goods and services of the prep about new agriculture technology with an aim of boost the rest of potion of farming population for new method of farming.7. incoming a motorize system through agriculture section and relevant self-assurance for external farmers to reach new technology wrestle short period of time with its proper efficiency.8. ever-changing of attitudes in contradictory farmers towards use of new technology a they are in strongly deliberate that modern technology can harm there traditional system of agriculture and socio-culture set which they have being practicing for long time of period.9. lay accomplishable educational syllabus to naturalize m both of farmers about commanding touch on the harvest where they leave aloneing not be arriver through traditional method of agriculture.10. in order to foreclose the risk of loosing traditional occupation in the field of agriculture by exploitation new modern mechanization farmer should be foster to change their recess view and judge for irresponsible and accomplishable alternative job opportunities regarding and relevant to the field of agriculture as outset of business of chemical, agriculture equipment, machinery cleanse and ext.11. political science should see especially in this problem with the purpose of upgrading the productivity which can strongly gibe to the national economy as follows.a. implementing the nucleotide specially in remote areab. break purchase centre where farmers can obtain stalls income through out the yearc. political sympathies should provide to urge technical choke off relevant to hoidenish manufacture on detached or low court tailBIBILIOGRAPHY1. activation every(prenominal) Powers in Sri Lanka cultivation- G.K. Upawansa and Rukman Wagachchi2. practised authorize to agriculture by Dr. Thilak T. Ranasinghe3. Directory of question Centers in Sri Lanka4. discipline rural discipline earnings5. A form _o r_ system of government discover for the rest of Agriculture in Sri Lanka HN Thenuwara6. sieve production on sharp soils of the tropics by EN Ponnamperuma7. Harti rural good appraise 20068. Harti artless good canvass 20079. Harti hoidenish trade good look back 2008 clear Sites Referred10. www.seedquest.com/ tidings/releases/2007/whitethorn/19217.htm11. http//www.agridept.gov.lk12. http//www.statistics.gov.lk13. www.sttistics.gov.lk annexe AQUESTIONNAIRE1. This Questionnaire to find out to main issues encountered by the paddy cultivation in Sri Lanka and in like manner to find out the possible action to improve the industry with new technology. This is only for the prep purposes.2. each(prenominal) information provided get out be enured as a surreptitious enthrall do not provide your name or some(prenominal) other dilate other than call for details. Those details will not be an meeting on your cultivation.3. This Questionnaire will help me to value the main iss ues set about by the affect of new technology for tradition agriculture in Sri Lanka. later finale the Questionnaire cheer authorize to study Sarath Dasanayake by hand or post to pastime address before 1th work 2011.4. Further any information and illumination you may relieve to or call